
Tyler Cowen once suggested that if you want to find out what someone really believes, ask him what he thinks everyone else believes.
A slight re-frame can elicit the information you're looking for.
Here's a re-frame I thought of: If you want to find out what someone really does for a living, ask him what he does "on a day-to-day basis."
Usually, when you ask someone, "What do you do?

Most jobs are a combination of unrelated menial tasks that amount to nothing but a waste of life.

I would suggest asking them to tell you about some of the things they're working on (nature of the project, who is involved, some of the challenges they're facing, etc.). That way, you'll be better able to engage them in conversation because you're talking about specifics.